Controllers for Marine Engineering Systems Essay

Controllers for Marine Engineering Systems - Essay Example The era after the Second World War can be called the classical period of control theory. It was characterized by the appearance of the first textbooks (MacColl, 1945; Lauer, Lesnick, & Matdon, 1947; Brown & Campbell, 1948; Chestnut & Mayer, 1951; Truxal, 1955), and by simple design tools that provided great perception and definite solutions to design problems. These tools were employed using hand calculations, or at most slide rules, with graphical techniques. With the dawn of the space era, controls design in the United States prevented from the frequency-domain practices of classical control theory and back to the differential equation techniques of the late 1800's, which were inherent in the time domain. The reasons for this development are as follows. The model of classical control theory was very fitting for controls design problems during and immediately after the World Wars. The frequency-domain approach was suitable for linear time-invariant systems. It is at its best when managing single-input/single-output systems, for the graphical techniques were problematic to use with numerous inputs and outputs. Classical controls design had some successes with nonlinear systems. ... Consequently, classical techniques can be applied on a linearized form of a nonlinear system, giving good results at an equilibrium position about which the system performance is more or less linear. Frequency-domain methods can also be applied to systems with simple types of nonlinearities using the describing function approach, which relies on the Nyquist criterion. This method was first used by the Pole J. Groszkowski in radio transmitter design before the Second World War and complied with in 1964 by J. Kudrewicz. Regrettably, it is not possible to design control systems for complex nonlinear multivariable systems, for example those arising in aerospace applications, using the assumption of linearity and treating the single-input/single-output transmission pairs individually. Optimal Control and Estimation Theory In view of the fact that naturally-occurring systems show optimality in their motion, it makes sense to design man-made control systems in a best possible fashion. A major gain is that this design may be realized in the time domain. In the context of modern controls design, it is common to reduce the time of transit, or a quadratic generalized energy functional or performance index, possibly with some constraints on the allowed controls. R. Bellman (1957) employed dynamic programming to the optimal control of discrete-time systems, showing that the normal direction for solving optimal control problems is backwards in time. His modus operandi resulted in closed-loop, usually nonlinear, feedback schemes (Lewis, 1992). PID & Robust and Optimal Controllers for Marine Engineering Systems: An Introduction A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (or PID)

Cheating death stealing life the eddie guerrero story Essay - 1

Cheating death stealing life the eddie guerrero story - Essay Example This Match was in Eddie’s movie although he was not one of the wrestlers in such entertaining match. The documentary, the Eddie Guerrero Story, being touching and inspiring has several funny moments and jokes that his relatives share with us. Anyone who wants to know what a Mexican Wrestler was like and the different styles he brought to the world, must view such documentary. Eddie’s match with Love Machine against Octagon and El Hijo Santo showed how he wrestled as a rookie and how much he has changed. His 2 out of 3 falls match against Dean Malenko could have been the purest wrestling match. It was their last ECW match. Rookie wrestlers who want a few tips must view this great technical battle. A good match in WCW against Chris Jericho showed some intense submission holds and lots of mat wrestling. It was a good match because Eddie and Jericho were great wrestlers. The WCW cruiserweight Championship between Eddie and Rey Mysterio was a fantastic show where both men showed off their skills. Eddie almost ripped the mask off Rey Mysterio because it was a battle of his mask ag ainst Eddie’s belt. It was a great, unforgettable match. Battles against prominent wrestlers made him more famous and an idol wrestler to look upon. He has the capability of being the villain but at the same time martyr and people pleaser. He can easily get the audience sympathy and the mass tends to be in favor of him even though he cheated a lot and do cheap shots. A good ladder match for the Intercontinental championship between Eddie and RVD used two ladders and a chair for some very hard hitting moves, when Eddie power bombed RVD off the ladder, a chair hit his face when RVD gave him a kick. Both of them then fell off the ladder which made it a great and scary match. There was this one Triple threat Match that won by the Guerreros and this is where the motto

Safety Passport Scheme For Power Generation Sector Construction Essay

Safety Passport Scheme For Power Generation Sector Construction Essay Since the evolution of humans, people have been injured, maimed and killed during the course of their work right from carrying their work as hunters, to the modern day nuclear power plants. Implementation of health and safety practices dates back to the Hammurabi era (1780 BC), where death sentences were imposed to the builders who do not build it safer for the residents. As years passed, health and safety practices had good responses. It had many accidents, disasters and transformations to achieve a status of what health and safety practices mean to every industry now. Importance and awareness of health and safety practices among the workers are essential and also it is their right to have the information on health and safety practices. Before doing any work, one should know about the health and safety hazards in the work he does, to safeguard himself and those who work with him, he needs to be informed with the potential health and safety hazards in the environment. Health and safe ty practices became business and among many business models of health and safety practices, the model for informing and training an individual about the health and safety practices in the industry he/she works is Safety Passport Scheme. It is not just a business or a way for income, it became a business for the values it spread to the individuals who undergoes it. Health and safety at work is an area of management activity which, no matter how an organization perceives it, cannot be disregarded. Only professionals in health and safety can deliver the values to them. Health and safety became a subject of research where now we have even courses provided my many universities on health and safety practices. Safety Passport scheme generally is a passport for the individuals who hold it to enter the site they work for. A safety passport holder will have all the basic knowledge of the health and safety hazards around him and his colleagues and practices to follow in order to avoid them. A responsible manager on working site considers the safety passport as a way to have and ensure a safe environment in and around the site. Initially, safety passport schemes were developed generally which will apply to almost all industries. But as the technologies and methodologies changed drastically, specialisation and update was needed for the health and safety practices. In any sector, now only specialists are valued much. Gone are the days where people were looking for generic interests. In any field, only specialists are welcomed and recruited, specialists will have the deepest knowledge of that particular field they are involved with and they will excel in it. Though power generation sector falls under construction industry, it varies drastically from it. Technology, engineering, method of construction and erection of equipment, panels, testing and also hazards compared to the general construction industry, it has many potential hazards. In the research, I have done a market r esearch for a Safety Passport Scheme which is specially designed for the power generation sector by the health and safety specialists for the industry. The market research is conducted for United Kingdom. Report Background United Kingdom produces a total of 78,293MW of energy. As a single entity, British Energy is the market leader by producing 10,723MW of energy. Table below shows the market share of key players of power generation industry in UK. Major Players MW British Energy 10723 RWE Npower 10115 E.ON 9988.27 Scottish and southern energy 9176.4 Scottish power 6404 International power 4984 EDF 4928.4 Drax power 3945 Centrica 3530 Magnox 1622 Premier power 1156 Others 11720.93 Total 78293 The organizations have their own portfolio within their power production. Portfolios of power generation are decided by the fuel type they use for the production of electricity. Each fuel type has its own engineering process and construction, out of them few has similar engineering processes and construction only with minor changes, but they are regarded as same. So according to them, the categories I have decided are 1. Nuclear, 2. Hydro, 3. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine, 4. Coal/Oil/Gas, 5. Wind, 6. Others such as mine gas, poultry waste. According to the categories, the market share by fuel type is given in the table below. Fuel Type MW Coal/Gas/Oil 39298.3 CCGT 22091 Nuclear 10137 Hydro 4245.4 Wind 2297.6 Others 223.7 Total 78293 Out of the above categories, Nuclear does not support safety passport schemes and the safety passport scheme on which I am conducting the market research is not applicable to hydro power generation. I have identified the major players in other fuel categories for my research. In INDG381 the HSE (2003b) indicate that a safety passport training course should cover areas such as the hazards and risks that workers may face and how to identify them; having identified them what to do to either eliminate the hazard or control the risk; how to take steps to control the risks to themselves and others; where to find health and safety related information in connection with their job and how to follow a safe system of work. It is with this guidance in mind that the following reviews have been carried out. Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) CSCS was set up by the construction industry with the aims (amongst others) raising standards of health and safety to reduce risks and accidents throughout the industry (CSCS, 2007). The members of CSCS comprise employers trade bodies and Trade Unions including Construction Confederation; Federation of Master Builders; National Specialist Contractor Council; GMB Trade Union; Transport and General Workers Union; Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians, Construction Industry Council. The holder of a CSCS card is in theory able to prove his training and by implication competence in the role he is undertaking. There are several categories of CSCS card visitor (to a construction site) trainee, construction site operative, experienced worker, skilled worker, supervisor, experienced manager, senior manager and professionally qualified person. The structure of the card system is, for the worker and supervisor section of the workforce, largely hierarchical. For example a construction site operative would be expected to, either through practical experience, induction or other training and under supervision carry out basic activities such as using relevant hand tools, using PPE, organising work, reporting of accidents and handling material and components using accepted and safe methods and procedures. To receive a skilled worker card, in addition to the requirements above, the applicant must be in possession of a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) or Scottish Nation al Vocational Qualification (SNVQ); or have completed a a recognised trade or employer sponsored apprenticeship and completed a City and Guilds of London Institute Craft Certificate. The other standard requirement is that applicants for all cards must successfully pass a health and safety test. The basic test is of 30 minutes duration and, in addition to English is currently available in German, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian and Welsh. There is no requirement for any pre-test training course. The basic core test contains à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦either 2 or 3 questions from each of the 15 Core sections with 40 questions in total (CITB, 2000).The core sections include accident prevention and reporting; health and welfare; manual handling; working at height; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); emergency procedures and first aid; safe use of hazardous substances and are heavily biased towards traditional construction of the building site type. The publication CITB ( 2000) also covers some specialist areas these include supervisory and management; demolition; plumbing or gas; highway works; specialist working at height and lifts and escalators. Summary CSCS is heavily biased towards traditional construction and covers the hazards and risks involved with traditional construction work at a basic level. Only two of the specialist areas (supervisory and management and working at height) have any real relevance to power station outage work. There is little emphasis on behavioural aspects of safety Engineering Services Skillcard The Engineering Services Skillcard, created by the Heating and Ventilation Contractors Association (HVCA), is similar in concept and affiliated to the CSCS scheme it has the aim of registering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the skills and competence of people working throughout the mechanical services sector of the building services engineering industry (HVCA, 2009). Accreditation in health and safety is achieved by undertaking the CSCS affiliated health and safety test. Other similar schemes affiliated to CSCS include Construction Plant Competence Scheme (CPCS0; Construction Industry Scaffolder Record Scheme (CISRS); Northern Ireland Construction Skills Register ((NI)CSR); Certificate of Competence of Demolition Operatives (CCDO); Joint Industry Board Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS); Plumbing Mechanical Engineering Services scheme (PMES) and Joint Industry Board for Plumbing in Scotland and NI (SNI JIB Plumbing) Summary Skillcard is an extension of CSCS above with exactly the same health and safety content and requirements. The CISRS and ECS affiliated schemes may have some relevance to outage work in certain circumstances. Client Contractor National Safety Group (CCNSG) The aim of the CCNSG Safety Passport Scheme is to ensure a basic knowledge of health and safety for all site personnel to enable them, after appropriate site induction, to work on site more safely with lower risk to themselves and others (CCNSG, 2009). Membership of the CCNSG includes the Construction Industry Association (CIA), the Trades Unions and the Training Providers. The Group is chaired by a member elected from the Client Group. The CCNSG Secretary is provided by the Engineering Construction Industry Training Board (ECITB), the organisation who now manages the scheme. The CCNSG safety passport is differentiated from the CSCS (and other similar card schemes) in two main areas. It is a specific accredited two day training course followed by an end test and it is claimed that it is designed for the Engineering Construction Industry rather than the Construction Industry. However it is the clients on individual sites who specify which card or cards is or are acceptable as a demons tration of competency on their sites. The CCNSG National Course includes a wide spectrum of directly safety related training including Safe Behaviour at Work; Safe Place of Work; Confined Space Entry; Excavations; Permit to Work Systems Safe Use of Access Equipment Working at Heights; Site Transport; Protecting the Environment; Safe Lifting and Manual Handling; Safe Systems of Work; Asbestos; Hazardous Substances; The Lifting Equipment and Lifting Operations Regulations( LOLER); The provision and Use of Workplace Equipment Regulations (PUWER); Electricity; Isolation; Hand-Arm Vibration; Noise. Summary Training for the CCNSG passport is carried out by accredited (by the ECITB) independent organisations and its quality is open to being variable. The hazards and risks covered in the training are mainly focussed on construction but more aspects of the syllabus appear to apply to power station outage work and some aspects of behavioural safety are covered Assuring Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) Closely allied to the CCNSG and also supported by the ECITB is the Assuring Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) scheme. ACE is an industry initiative supported by all areas of engineering construction in the UK including, in addition to the ECITB, Contractors the Engineering Construction Industry Association (ECIA), the National Joint Council (NJCECI), the ECITB and the Trade Unions. The ECITB (2009) say that the aim of ACE is to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ensure that the competence of workers in the UK engineering construction industry is validated against National Occupational Standards in a flexible and cost effective way, with minimum disruption to ongoing productivity. Furthermore since June 2008 ACE has become affiliated to CSCS and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a joint Assurance in Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) and CSCS card will be available to individuals who meet the competence and health and safety awareness requirements relevant to NVQ Level 3. (ECITB, 2009b).This involves reaching a competency level in standard health and safety modules involves having a working knowledge of health and safety legislation, hazards, safety reporting, first aid procedures and procedures for reporting. Working knowledge is described as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the minimum level of knowledge and understanding sufficient to perform your role in a manner that would normally be associated with the minimum acceptable performance of a competent person undertaking your role (ECITB, 2009c). Information from ACE (2009) indicates that the driver for the ACE scheme is that of technical competence validated by ECITB NVQ or SNVQ and this is currently available in a restricted number of engineering trade roles (e.g. welding and plating; [steel] erecting; mechanical fitting (including maintenance); pipefitting (including Instrument); electricians and rigging) Summary Although the main thrust of the ACE card is raising the skill levels in engineering construction in, currently a limited number of craft areas, the health and safety modules appear to have a closer synergy with outage work than other schemes. Behavioural aspects of safety are dealt with in the relevant health and safety modules. Basic Electrical Safety Competence (BESC) The BESC registration scheme is intended for anyone who carries out work either directly or indirectly on or near operational plant and equipment associated with the transmission and distribution of electricity. The scheme was developed by a task force of the Electricity Association Management Co-ordinating Committee (Distribution Transmission) with the assistance of the Electricity Company Training Managers and of the Electrical Training Association. The managers of the BESC scheme, Energy Utility Skills (EU Skills), label it as a workplace competency assessment and registration process, dealing with entering, moving around and exiting three specific work areas namely, substations, overhead lines; and underground cables. The basic safety requirements of the scheme are those relating to safe entry and exit, equipment identification, use of the correct PPE and carrying out of tasks in a safe manner. They are based on standards taken from the City Guilds N/SVQ awards and in particul ar specific relevant modules from the Electricity System Technology Engineering Support and Electricity System Technology Engineering awards. Summary BESC is specific specialist training and qualification directed towards electricity distribution companies and National Grid with specific reference to the hazards from working adjacent to live high voltage electricity equipment and so has limited relevance to power station outage work. The Safety Pass Alliance (SPA) Renewable Energy Sreenivasan et al (2003) portray the SPA as a UK organisation whose objective is to design and implement Safety Passport Training Schemes, delivered through accredited training providers and committed to providing a nationally recognised standard of health and safety training. SPA passports comprise a core section along with an industry sector specific section. To obtain acceptance into any additional sectors the holder of a current passport would need to attend the appropriate sector specific training session to upgrade it. Sectors with specific modules include industrial utilities, building maintenance food and drink, renewable energy, ports and shipping, quarries and pharmaceutical. The core health and safety training covers the following areas Organising for safety (health and safety law, responsibilities and risk assessment); the workplace (Including safe behaviour, welfare, and access and egress); plant and machinery (including tools, electricity and workplace transport); heal th (including PPE, COSHH, musculoskeletal problems); procedures (fire and first aid) and the environment. One of additional industry specific modules is the Renewable energy which focuses on those issues of particular concern for those who work within the renewable energy. This course comprises of nine modules: Workplace risk, Licenses permits and passes, Plant and equipment, Explosive atmospheres, Environment, Electricity, Working at height, Occupational health, Personal Safety (Safety Pass Alliance, 2010). Summary assuming that the relevant Renewable energy module is undertaken this offers the prospect of a close match of relevance to outage work but it is little used within Generation currently. The only client for this is ATKINS and Atkins was involved in designing this course. Some aspects of behavioural safety are addressed in the core health and safety training module. The European Dimension There have been an increasing number of non UK nationals working in the UK, figures from the Statistics Commission (2009) indicate that there were 2 million foreign nationals of working age in the UK in 2007out of a total working age population of 27.2 million. Generation has seen increased incidences of foreign workers on sites during outages and because of this the landscape of competence assessment schemes is infinitely more complex. In addition to foreign language versions of the CCNSG safety passport, currently offered in the UK in Polish and Portuguese amongst others there are several similar passport schemes existing in other EU member states including Health and Environment Checklist Contractors (SCC) in the Netherlands, FAS Safe Pass Health and Safety Awareness in Eire and the Occupational Safety Card in Finland. Both the latter are the national equivalents of CSCS. In the review of safety passport schemes Sreenivasan et al (2003) explains that although originally intended f or the petro-chemical and pharmaceutical associated industries in the Netherlands, SCC covers a range of other industries involved in hazardous work including construction and civil works. The scheme is now widespread across Belgium, France, Germany, and Austria and can be used without restrictions in Belgium and the Netherlands. The SCC qualification has the basic elements that broadly cover the contents of the CCNSG syllabus. The SCC has recognised, however, that there is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦wide variation and an (excessively) wide bandwidth in the exams set by the various examination bodiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [possibly due]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to the excessively vague definition of the attainment targets (SCC, 2003). Included in this is a reference to Romiszowskis taxonomy that discriminates between knowledge (knowing something) and skills (being able to do something). Included within the attainment targets are the requirements to cover both these aspects of competence. Summary The SCC process does recognise that competence in health and safety does include more than the successful completion of a training package and although one of the target industry sectors petro-chemical has similarities with the Generation business, there is little evidence of the particular qualification having been used to any great extent within the UK. Advantages and Disadvantages of Safety Accreditation Schemes There are advantages and disadvantages to all accreditation/passport schemes discussed by Sreenivasan et al (2003). Advantages include the possession of a safety passport gives readily available evidence that the contractor has some form of basic health and safety training. A passport shows that a worker has up-to-date basic health and safety or health, safety and environment awareness training (HSE, 2003b) what they crucially do not do is demonstrate a way of knowing or identifying that a worker is competent (HSE, 2003b).Furthermore they are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ generally not designed to correct the major faults in competence or diligence that usually result in the major accidents à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Sreenivasan et al, 2003). A recognised widespread scheme with a standard syllabus and acceptable attainment standards does however give some modicum of standardisation across an industry or an industry sector. The possession of a passport takes the form of a credit card-sized plastic card, usu ally with the employees name, photograph and identification number. If this is accompanied by a centrally held database directly accessible by subscribers it is a straightforward way of ensuring a passports validity. Finally passports do provide the contract company with a demonstration and audit trail that they are providing some of the suitable and sufficient training required by health and safety legislation. One of the main disadvantages of all accreditation and passport schemes is their financial implications in terms of training cost and lost productive time. These may well be able to be absorbed by a large company as part of its training budget but may well become a burden for both SMEs and individuals who act as freelance contractors. For businesses some of the costs may be able to be off set by grants (for example from the CITB Construction Skills levy) and a demonstration that most of a companys staff are in possession of a recognised safety accreditation may result in inc reased business. Additionally, although there is no empirical evidence to substantiate this, there is the possibility that there is a financial pressure on the accredited training provider to provide evidence of his worth and doing this by ensuring that he has an acceptable success rate in the assessment from his candidates. Aims and Objectives The report analyses the market for safety passport scheme for the power generation sector. The main aims of this market research are To provide evidence based approach for the acceptance of Safety Passport Scheme designed for power sector in UK. To capture the perceptions, opinions and aspirations of the potential target consumer market in relation to the safety passport scheme for the power sector in UK. Objectives were to identify Current schemes available and accepted. Which ones are most popular and why. Report on size of potential market in UK for a power generation specific safety passport scheme. Research into whether a sector specific passport would be accepted by Power Generators and associated contractors; specifically aimed at benefits and possible demerits. Confirm that an Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) scheme will have widespread acceptance. Research current pricing and if new scheme were developed what price should be set to achieve the Return on Investment. Review on how to roll this project out sustainably, assuming that new scheme is acceptable own resources, licensing to other providers to propose alternatives. Definitions Senior Executives The group consists of Directors of power generation organizations, managing directors of power generation organizations, and Senior Health and Safety professionals with massive experience in Health and Safety practices. Plant Managers The group consists of Health and Safety professionals responsible for power plants, and directors of power plants. Contractors The group consists of Managers of the construction contractors firms, Health and Safety directors of the firm, and Health and Safety managers. For current Schemes and their popularity Interviewed people from IOSH, ECITB, CCNSG, SPA, UKCG, CIC, and questionnaires distributed among contractors and plant managers. Potential Market in UK The market for safety passport scheme for power sector is the workers of the contractors who work for power generation industry. Data obtained from Office of National Statistics (ONS), UK. Acceptance of sector specific passport scheme with IOSHs accreditation For Power Sector Questionnaire distributed among senior executives, plant managers and contractors. Study of the environment by looking through variables like Regulation, News from power generators, Interview with health and safety professionals who had massive experience in the field, Political views, News from national skills academy of power. Economic patterns on Health and Safety spending Current Pricing Schemes Interviewed people from SPA, CCNSG/ECITB, CSCS, etc., including training providers Review on how to roll this project sustainably References from services marketing cases Market research for the Safety Passport Scheme was conducted during the period when the halted constructions of new power plants due to the recession for the past two years resumed their work. Spending was stopped during the recession on construction projects. The construction industry was overcoming the recession where the contribution of construction industry towards GDP of the country was increasing again. After a series of job cuts and cost cutting processes, the employment rate of construction industry had a significant increase during the period. Economic Trends Cost-cutting programmes, internationalization, commercial principles, shareholder value and sustainability, In all high value bids, safety is given more importance than bids of low value (Amec takes central role in  £20bn nuclear programme., 2009). Market Size Market for Safety Passport Scheme for power generation sector is the construction workers who work for the power generation industry. More than one million people are employed for the construction industry (Construction workers, 2008). Industry Structure Spending on health and safety Contractors fear that after years of improvements in health and safety standards, it could be undone if power generation organizations exploit the recession to drive down the construction costs. If power generation organizations force below-cost bidding, contractors could go backwards in health and safety standards. Power generation organizations could get really cheap prices but something has to give, they cannot expect contractors to come up with rock-bottom prices and then expect fantastic safety standards (Cheap deals could hit safety, warn contractors., 2009). Safety director of EDF said that contractors chosen to deliver EDFs new build schemes are expected to be productive, modern site committed to safety. The statement proves that power generation organizations are committed to Health and Safety practices. The construction director at EDF also announced that he is willing to help the suppliers to improve its safety competence (Power station sites face tight surveillance., 2009). In a statement released by UK Contractors group, they have agreed that Safety Passports cut risks in contract work (Safety passport cuts risks in contract work., 2009). Market Position Key Trends Speaking to media on EDFs  £20bn new build nuclear programme in UK, chief executive Vincent de Rivaz told that EDF is committed to safety. And it will maximise the opportunities for the UK supply chain. When issuing the civil packages to Laing ORourke, Costain and Carillion, De Rivaz confirmed them that EDFs commitment to safety and quality assurance is absolute. And he wanted to work with the partners who too are committed to safety. He also mentioned that the suppliers too will be expected to meet tough productivity and skills training targets (Safety first for EDFs nuclear contractors, 2009). Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) has claimed that nearly one out of every 10 UK businesses has slashed its health and safety budget because of recession. IOSH also found out that for most companies, health and safety is not the first budget on the chopping block. Contradicting the above stated facts, IOSH found out that emphasis on the need of health and safety practices among employers and staff work more closely together to minimise risks with business leaders in particular needing to ensure that corners are not cut out during economic times (Paton, UK reduces budgets for health and safety, 2009). Key Associations DRETS Analysis Demographic factors Population growth growth of number of employees, increase in the number of households, better education, Regulatory factors Political and legal factors learnings of the government in power, shift of regulatory power IOSH said that falling foul of tough new safety regulations could spell the end for firms already struggling with the economic downturn. It also warned that companies that play at health and safety practices, or firms that fail to provide a safe environment for staff, could face the prospect of incurring increased financial penalties. As per the new law which is effective from 16 January, maximum fine for minor breaches are from  £5,000 to  £20,000 and also pave the way for prison sentences of up to two years for individuals found guilty of health and safety breaches (Pitcher, 2009). Economic factors Contribution to Gross national product of the industry, changes in consumers income, changing expenditure patterns, countrys change of economic development, inflation, Looking for balance, confident and living well, at ease, overwhelmed. Technological factors Integration of technology with the service, impact of e-business and m-business Social factors Prevailing values, traditions, trends in society these tendencies are influenced by the above four factors. Individualism and rising customer expectation, the need of the groups, interest in health, time usage and energy expenditure, Competitive Structure The Marketplace Market Leaders Marketing Activity SWOT Analysis Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats The Future Influence In 2002 when contractors are asked to increase company reporting on health and safety performance in the annual reports, just 103 of the countrys top 350 contractors have accepted the challenge. Out of them only the following five are top-10 contractors, Balfour Beatty, AMEC, Carillion, Skanska and Mowlem. HSC had asked the companies to put health and safety at the top of the agenda, but thats not the case in reality. It also found that, unless the decision makers know of the advantages to the bottom line of their organization, there will be no changes. HSC chairman Bill Callaghan also mentioned that the industry has a role to play and it is through shared experience and a change of culture that the sharing will happen (Pearman, No business case for safety stats, 2002). Forecasts Sector Trends Civil contractors are gearing up to bid for multi-million pound frameworks as part of the  £50bn nuclear power plant decommissioning programme now being rolled out across the UK. Last week, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) took control of the countrys 20 nuclear power plan

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Odyssey Essay Being attacked by one eyed monsters, huge storms, a giant sea dragon, and scores of angry men were just a few of the perils Odysseus had to overcome. He did not only overcome them, but he did so in a way that would forever be thought of as heroic. Odysseus, the epic hero of Homer's The Odyssey demonstrates the Greek ideal of leadership, bravery, and devotion to the gods. Odysseus was a great leader and showed his leadership abilities many times, times where his men were ready to give up and accept their fate. With his motivational speeches he turned his men into dangerous fighters who would keep on going hard until they were struck down, eaten, or thrown into the churning seas. One example of this was during Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus' men were tired and didn't want to proceed, but Odysseus said: "Friends, have we never been in danger before this? More fearsome, is it now, then when we faced Cyclops? Did I not keep my nerve, and use my wits to find a way out?" (P. 708, L. 766) There are also times when all the men are afraid, but here Odysseus shows he's in charge and speaks up when nobody wants to: "We all felt pressure in our hearts, but I spoke up in replyÉ" (P. 689, L. 203) Odysseus gave warnings to help his fellow shipmates and tried to protect them from the wrath of the gods: "Old shipmates, our stores are in the ship's hold, food and drink; the cattle here are not for our provision, or we pay dearly for it." (P. 710, L. 840) Odysseus was not only a great leader, but also a very brave man. There were also many times when Odysseus showed how brave he was. In this next example involving the Cyclops Odysseus shows that he is not the type of leader that sits on safe land while he sends his men in to kill, but a leader who enjoys nothing more than being engaged in battle with his men. "I took my twelve best fighters and went ahead." (P. 687, L. 136) Odysseus also had the heart of a fighter, he would do battle whenever necessary, no matter whom his opponent was, in this case the giant Cyclops:

Analyses of Love in a Fallen City and the Golden Cangue

For the bulk of the mid- to late-20th Century, Eileen Chang’s name and literary prowess fell into obscurity as a result of events related to the Cultural Revolution and her own reclusion. In C. T. Hsia’s A History of Modern Chinese Fiction, he praised Chang for her use of â€Å"rich imagery† and â€Å"profound exploration of human nature. † In his book, he also claimed Chang to be â€Å"the best and most important writer† of mid-twentieth century China. Hsia’s remarks and Ang Lee’s film adaptation of her novella, Lust, Caution, have helped to bring Chang’s name back onto the literary scene. Two of her most well-known and highly praised novellas are Love in a Fallen City and The Golden Cangue. On the surface, the stories describe the details of family activities, love relationships, and marriages that occupy mundane life in places like Shanghai and Hong Kong, but beneath the simple plot lines, the stories personify the struggles of strong-willed women within the family arena during a tumultuous time of change in China. Love in a Fallen City is a love story between a divorcee, Bai Liusu, and a playboy businessman, Fan Liuyuan. As a divorcee, Liusu is forced to return to her father’s home where she is an unwelcome fixture and an added economic burden. In a turn of events, the man, Fan Liuyuan, who was supposed to be her niece’s suitor, chooses her over the niece, exacerbating her situation at home. With nothing to lose, she follows Fan to Hong Kong where their love blossoms amidst the beginnings of the Japanese occupation of the city. The Golden Cangue follows the story of Cao Qiqiao, a widow who lives in anguish as a powerless daughter-in-law in a wealthy family. She was forced into an arranged marriage with a sickly man and treated poorly by her husband’s family. After the death of her husband, she gains independence and a small amount of wealth, but after years of torment, she turns her own repressed anger towards her children. The two stories share similar sentiments in that they depict the different struggles of women in the family setting. For Liusu, her struggle was to gain the acceptance of her family and love and affection from Liuyuan. In Qiqiao’s case, her struggle was her search for an escape from her oppressive family life. Eileen Chang’s use dialogue shows the strength of the women and her descriptions within the stories help to depict the inner turmoil each woman faces. The story of Love in Fallen City starts in the household of the Bai family. News concerning the death of Bai Liusu’s ex-husband arrives from a family acquaintance. The news stirs up the issue of whether or not Liusu should return to her late ex-husband’s home for mourning, as dictated by traditional family values. The possibility that her family would send her back to her in-laws infuriates her but she still remains composed. While she is in the weaker position in terms of family hierarchy, she holds the power in dialogue because of her sharp tongue: Liusu had now reached the height of fury, but she simply laughed. â€Å"Yes, yes, everything is my fault. You’re poor? It’s because I’ve eaten you out of house and home. You’ve lost your capital? It must be that I’ve led you on. Your sons die? I’ve done it to you, I’ve ruined your fate. (Chang, 114) While obviously upset, she remains composed. Rather than allow her emotions to show physically, she translates those emotions into words. Liusu’s sharp retorts are common throughout the book and they show the strength of her character. She does not allow herself to become the victim and she responds with dagger-like words that show her anger and disappointment. The position Liusu finds herself in is a result of her family’s lack of concern for her general wellbeing and happiness. As one of the younger female members of the family, she holds no power. Everything in her life happened because her family dictated her fate. She never had a choice in which direction she should take her life and she has become embittered because of her lack of independence. When she meets Fan Liuyuan, she takes her chances and follows him to Hong Kong. Her decision to leave Shanghai has two implications. Firstly, she wants an escape from her family. After years of following their rules and hearing their complaints about her presence, she finally has a chance to leave it all behind to find her own independence. Secondly, she is strangely attracted to Liuyuan and securing his love and attention is a conquest for her. After leaving Shanghai, Liusu stays in a hotel in Hong Kong and spends more and more time with Liuyuan. The two of them develop a relationship but their intentions are different. For Liusu, getting close to Liuyuan was a way for her to leave the Bai family. Liuyuan, on the other hand is seeking spiritual love. He professes his love for her on many occasions, but she rejects him each time. Her goal in being in a relationship with Liuyuan is to have security and Liuyuan’s words hold no meaning to her, but instead are examples of his playboy behavior: Liusu was silent for a while, but finally she burst out: â€Å"Why not go ahead and just say, flat out, that you don’t want to marry me, and leave it at that! Why beat around the bush, with all this talk of not being able to decide things? Even a conservative person like me can say, ‘First marriage for the family, second marriage for oneself. ’ If someone as free and unburdened as you are can’t decide for himself, then who can decide for you? † (Chang, 149) In her scolding of Liuyuan, Liusu states her views of marriage which are defined by her real life experiences. Her first marriage was an arranged marriage that was to the benefit of her family, but for her second marriage she wants it to be for herself. She is seeking stability in her life and she does not think Liuyuan is apt to fill that void. As much as she is attracted to him, she cannot see past his playboy charm. Her defenses and words show how she is strong-willed and determined to make right what went wrong in her life. Throughout the novel, Fan Liuyuan expresses his love to Liusu. He claims she is a â€Å"real Chinese woman† and continues on to say, â€Å"Real Chinese women are the world’s most beautiful women. They’re never out of fashion. † (Chang, 135) Liuyuan loves Liusu and thinks of her as the ideal Chinese woman, yet he worries that she is part of the trap of Chinese culture that wants him only for a convenient marriage. Therefore, he tries to take her away from China to Hong Kong the colony; he even considers taking her to Malaysia and Africa, to primitive lands. By attempting to remove her from her native home, he is essentially taking away her power over him. He wants to force her into the spiritual love that he wants, undermining her position as a strong woman. In the end, the marriage does go through, but only because the war forced the two of them together. The two people both have selfish tendencies and neither could have been together in any other situation: Hong Kong’s efeat had brought Liusu victory. But in this unreasonable world, who can distinguish cause from effect? Who knows which is which? Did a great city fall so that she could be vindicated? Countless thousands of people dead, countless thousands of people suffering, after that an earthshaking revolution†¦ Liusu didn’t feel there was anything subtle about her place in history. She stood up, smiling, and kicked the pan of mosquito-repellent incense under the table. Those legendary beauties who felled cities and kingdoms were probably all like that. (Chang, 167) Because of all that she had to go through, she likens herself to other strong women in history who brought down cities and kingdoms. She secured her place in the world by overcoming all the obstacles that were presented to her. She managed to leave her oppressive family and find a second husband who will accept her as she is. Achieving her goals at the end validates her as a strong Chinese woman. The Golden Cangue presents a different story about a woman and her struggles with her family. Similar to Liusu, Cao Qiqiao is stuck in an unhappy family situation. As a daughter from a poor family, she was married off to the son of a wealthy family. In her husband’s family, she suffers from ridicule and repression. As time progresses, she slowly loses her mind because of all that she has had to endure within the family. When she finally gains some independence, she completely loses all sanity and takes out her pent up anger on her daughter and daughter-in-law. Qiqiao, in many respects, is a strong woman. She had to put up with constant ridicule from her husband’s family and she had no independence. Her resilience is characterized in her attitude and actions towards her family. As a daughter-in-law, she suffered at the hands of her husband’s family, once she becomes a mother-in-law she perpetuates this cycle of torment and directs her bitterness towards her own children and daughter-in-law. In one instance, she believes her daughter’s feet need to be bound in order to attract suitors: As she looked at them [her feet], something occurred to her and she said with a cynical laugh, â€Å"You may say yes but how do I know if you’re sensible or silly at heart? You’re this big already, and with a pair of big feet, where can’t you go? Even if I could control you, I wouldn’t have the energy to watch you all day long. Actually at thirteen it’s already too late for foot binding, it is my fault not to have seen to it earlier. We’ll start right now, there’s still time. † (Chang, 208) Qiqiao has reached a point where she lacks reasoning. All of her thoughts are convoluted and in her mind she has convinced herself that torturing her own children will be for their benefit. She is lost in her own misery because of the restraints placed on her by her husband’s family. She understands that her daughter has much more freedom than she did when she was younger. The actual decision to bind her daughter’s feet seemingly comes as a result of jealousy. Since she had to suffer, so should her children. What makes Qiqiao a strong woman is her lucid insanity. She calculates and plots every action to her own benefits and pleasure. She understands that money and power run the world, and she does what she can within her means to feel superior over others. So the golden cangue is a symbol of power and money. She wears the golden cangue as a burden on her conscience and she used it to get whatever she needed: For thirty years now she had worn a golden cangue. She had used its heavy edges to chop down several people; those that did not die were half killed. She knew that her son and daughter hated her to the death, that the relatives on her husband’s side hated her, and that her own kinsfolk also hated her. (Chang 243) The golden cangue tainted her moral being and she had become a much hated person. She was driven by power and money but in the end, her actions and effort were all for naught. She loses power over her children and she is left to die in her misery. Both characters, Liusu and Qiqiao, were products of their respective environments. The difference in the two women comes in how they take hold of their future. For Liusu, she knew she wanted an escape from her family and she took the reins of her life and got what she want with Liuyuan. Qiqiao on the other hand, attempted to get control of her life, but instead she got caught in the madness of being an opium addict. One woman was able to break free from the social constraints placed on her while the other was not. Qiqiao perpetuates the vicious cycle of family tradition that damaged her in the first place. So while she is strong in the sense that she is calculating and conniving, she fails to break the cycle that caused her misery and she is no better than other petty men. The two stories both capture the essence of Eileen Chang’s works. Through her writing, she was able give voice to the thoughts of women. She shows a great range in her depiction of women, from the weak to strong, cruel matriarchs. The works give insight into the condition of women during the early 20th century but on a larger scale they also reveal the way in which women are affected by their family life.

“London 1802” vs “Douglass” Essay Essay

Throughout the centuries, there have been an infinite amount of literary works written by a sea of authors that write a variety of genres. All of these works are precious in their own way, and even if their theme is similar to that of another, the author always ads a bit of his/her own flare in order to make said literary creation unique in some way. William Wordsworth’s â€Å"London 1802† and Paul Laurence Dunbar’s â€Å"Douglass†, although quite similar in form and sentence structure, do add their own flare through the use of specific details. Through the use of these devices, the speakers show their disgust for the evil deeds humans do and attempt to change them. Form is a very important aspect of literature. Both â€Å"London 1802† and â€Å"Douglass† are sonnets therefore hinting that the work will be very much a serious topic, which as the reader continues, is proven to be true. The rhyme scheme used in the first two quatrains is simila r in both sonnets. The last quatrain and couplet, however, are different in rhyme. In â€Å"Douglass†, the first quatrain is used to tell this person of the evil that is occurring in that time, and how even his wildest nightmares could never measure up to that is now being done whereas in the first quatrain written in â€Å"London 1802† is used to describe the place and what it is like at the time. In the second quatrain, the speaker believes as if he truly believes that the presence of this man to whom he writes could change the evil that is occurring. â€Å"Douglass† on the other hand, describes what the situation he is in is like. Although each speaker approaches this in a different manner, the ultimate goal of both is to shed light on the wrong doing of humans. Another device used by both speakers both similarly and differently is sentence structure. On both, the last six lines compose one sentence. This sentence in â€Å"Douglass† is used to ask for guidance and comfort from Fredrick Douglass however, this happens in the second sentence in the sonnet â€Å"London, 1802†. Dunbar’s purpose for making the last sentence about Douglass ability to â€Å"guide the shivering bark† ( Dunbar line 12) is to give the reader a sense of repulsion, like his own repulsion and therefore encouraging the reader to  change. The last sentence in Wordsworth’s poem, on the other hand, is used to praise John Milton. This leaves the reader with the impression that Milton was in fact a great man, and that we should strive in order to become more like the person. Even though they are written in different sentences, the fact that this is even mentioned at all suggests that man kind has become repulsive and although they are expressed in different manners, it is clear that the eventual goal of these speakers is to make the readers change. There are specific details used throughout both sonnets that, again, help to reveal the speaker’s ultimate purpose. First, the way the speakers begin both poems is completely different. Wordsworth commences in a tone of urgency and forcefulness by saying â€Å"Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour:† (Wordsworth line 1). This makes the reader excited about reading the rest of the poem and also, adds interest to the work. Dunbar, however, takes a more meditative approach by saying â€Å"Ah, Douglass, we have fall‘n on evil days.† (Dunbar line 1). This, although not as exciting as the previous example, is also effective in grabbing attention because it leaves the reader wondering what it is that could be inspiring such deep thought while still, clearly stating his position. The speaker in this poem also says â€Å"Give us comfort through the lonely dark† (line 14). This line makes the reader believe that there is still hope in humanity. All we need is comforting from the wicked world and we can become better people. We have the qualities that make for decent citizens, we just no longer show them. Wordsworth, however, shows no sympathy nor hope for humanity. He states â€Å"Oh! Raise us up, return to us again; and give us manners, virtue, freedom, power† (Wordsworth line 8). This suggests that Wordsworth has lost all hope in humanity and believes that the qualities that make for decent people are lost. People need someone to show them the qualities that make for good people, they need to be shown. Although both speakers believe that humanity is cruel and abominable, the way they perceive the solution is obviously much different. With the devices used throughout both poems, it is apparent that society needs to change in order to become better. The way things are is absolutely horrendous and by no means is it suitable for living in. Although both poems express similar ideals, the state of mind of the speaker is clearly much different, and the way to go about fixing society is also much different. Because the devices and tone used throughout both poems was  different, it in turn made their works of literature truly a one-of-a-kind.

Communication Analysis essays

Communication Analysis essays Interpersonal Communication Analysis Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood is one of today's most popularized films. This film is full of both comedy and drama. The main character Siddalee Walker (Sidda), played by Sandra Bullock, is being held hostage by her mother's friend's (Tinsey, Neciey, and Carol). After being interviewed by the Times Magazine and given them dark secrets about her mother Vivian Walker. The article placed in the magazine led to some misunderstanding, which led to Sidda's mother being very upset. So to resolve this conflict between Vivian and her daughter Sidda was the Ya-Ya sisters who intervened and help Siddalee to understand some things about her mother. This helped to explain why Vivian is the way she is. Conflict Strategy, Axioms of Communication, Principals/Pitfalls of Messages, Message Characteristics and Listening Techniques/Guidelines are the Communication patterns that I will be focusing on for this analysis. I chose these topics to analyze because there's quite a bit of conflict and arguing, and these are the most recognizable concepts when I look at the film. The first concept has three parts that will be discussed, and this term is Conflict Strategies. Conflict strategies are ways people deal with conflicts. According to DeVito (1998) conflict has both positive and negative affects, which are productive and unproductive strategies. One conflict strategy is verbal aggressiveness, which is a "method of winning an argument by inflicting psychological pain, by attacking the other persons self-concept," (DeVito, 1998, pg.326). In the middle of the movie there are many conflicts taking place. The conflict between Siddalee and her fiance, Connor deals with their children, which they don't have and their relationship in the future. Sidda and Connor are going back and forth arguing with each other, and it gets to the point where Connor says, "you got me painted up in a corner...

Free Essays on Rodney King

It seemed like an open-and-shut case. The George Holliday video, played on television so often that an executive at CNN called it "wallpaper," showed three Los Angeles police officersas their supervisor watched kicking, stomping on, and beating with metal batons a seemingly defenseless African-American named Rodney King. Polls taken shortly after the incident showed that over 90% of Los Angeles residents who saw the videotape believed that the police used excessive force in arresting King. Despite the videotape, a jury in Simi Valley concluded a year later that the evidence was not sufficient to convict the officers. Within hours of the jury's verdict, Los Angeles erupted in riots. When it was over, fifty-four people had lost their lives, over 7,000 people had been arrested, and hundreds of millions of dollars worth of property had been destroyed. Why did the twelve members of the jury fail to convict any of the officers? Was the jury racist, as some charged? Or did the jury see something in the evidence that justified the brutality witnessed on the Holliday videotape? March 3, 1991 On the night of March 2, 1991, Rodney Glen King watched a basketball game and drank forty-ounce bottles of Olde English 800 at a friend's home in suburban Los Angeles. After the game, King proposed a trippossibly to pick up some girls. King and two friends, "Pooh" Allen and Freddie Helms, took off driving west down the 210 freeway. At 12:30 A.M., a husband-and-wife team of the California Highway Patrol, Tim and Melanie Singer, spotted King's Hyundai behind them driving at a very high speed. The Singers exited at the Sunland Boulevard off ramp and returned to the freeway to chase the speeding car at speeds of up to 117 miles per hour. King ignored the flashing lights and sped off an exit ramp. He ran a red light, nearly causing an accident, before finally coming to a stop near the entrance to Hansen Dam Park, at the intersect... Free Essays on Rodney King Free Essays on Rodney King It seemed like an open-and-shut case. The George Holliday video, played on television so often that an executive at CNN called it "wallpaper," showed three Los Angeles police officersas their supervisor watched kicking, stomping on, and beating with metal batons a seemingly defenseless African-American named Rodney King. Polls taken shortly after the incident showed that over 90% of Los Angeles residents who saw the videotape believed that the police used excessive force in arresting King. Despite the videotape, a jury in Simi Valley concluded a year later that the evidence was not sufficient to convict the officers. Within hours of the jury's verdict, Los Angeles erupted in riots. When it was over, fifty-four people had lost their lives, over 7,000 people had been arrested, and hundreds of millions of dollars worth of property had been destroyed. Why did the twelve members of the jury fail to convict any of the officers? Was the jury racist, as some charged? Or did the jury see something in the evidence that justified the brutality witnessed on the Holliday videotape? March 3, 1991 On the night of March 2, 1991, Rodney Glen King watched a basketball game and drank forty-ounce bottles of Olde English 800 at a friend's home in suburban Los Angeles. After the game, King proposed a trippossibly to pick up some girls. King and two friends, "Pooh" Allen and Freddie Helms, took off driving west down the 210 freeway. At 12:30 A.M., a husband-and-wife team of the California Highway Patrol, Tim and Melanie Singer, spotted King's Hyundai behind them driving at a very high speed. The Singers exited at the Sunland Boulevard off ramp and returned to the freeway to chase the speeding car at speeds of up to 117 miles per hour. King ignored the flashing lights and sped off an exit ramp. He ran a red light, nearly causing an accident, before finally coming to a stop near the entrance to Hansen Dam Park, at the intersect...

Book Review On A General Speaks

Book Review On A General Speaks The name of the author of the book â€Å"A General Speaks† is General (Retd) S. Padmanabhan and it is published by Manas Publications, New Delhi. It was first published in 2005 and its second impression was published in 2007. The author is a qualified person and the experience he took during his service enables him to write this book. He is popularly known as Paddy. General (Retd) S. Padmanabhan was born on 5th of December 1940 at Trivandrum (Kerala).He joined the elite Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC), Dehradun in 1952. He was commissioned in Regiment of Artillary on 13 December 1959. During his long military career of 43 years he had various assignments, some of the important are; Fight against militancy in Punjab, North-Eastern states, Jammu & Kashmir. He commanded 15 Corps (in Jammu & Kashmir), Northern Command and Southern Command. He also held the assignment of Director of Military Intelligence (D.G.M.I). He was Instructor in Indian Military Academy and School o f Artillery. He remained Indian Army Chief from 30 September 2000 to 31 December 2002. During his tenure as Army Chief, Operation Parakram was conducted in which Indian Army remained on the borders of Pakistan for about Ten months. He was the author of the famous book â€Å"The writing on the wall: India checkmates America 2017†. About Book: â€Å"A General Speaks† contains the views of General S Padmanabhan about Indian army and its role with reference to security issues. In this book he had covered a broad perspective initiating from grass root level to the top level forces role with a blend of political leadership role. If we go by chronology of the book initially, writer gives the vision of new millennium army then he discusses future of warfare along with the insight into future wars. Then, techniques of intelligence in 21st century have been discussed in detail followed by the phenomenon of terrorism prevailing in current scenario. A deliberate effort has been ma de to elucidate political control of services. Foreign policy and national security were also analyzed critically to render fruitful recommendations. Psychological profiles of Pakistan Military, Indian Army at grass root level have been discussed to draw comparison as well as to point out shortcomings. Finally, writer discusses prospects of peace in South Asia. Author’s Thesis: The author’s thesis is about Indian army and its role with reference to security issues specially. The author of this book has divided his book into twelve chapters. He started his book with the role of Indian Army in new millennium and started first of all from the historical evolution of Army in India. Moreover, he also throws some light on economic conditions of India. Then he moved towards the details of capability of Indian Army and shed light on the dynamics of Indian Defense like deterrent capability, war fighting capacity, conflict management, force projection capability and peace keepin g. He says that after becoming army chief, he tried to raise the standard of Indian army for meeting 21st century challenges and promotion of games in the country. The army has also faced the tough time of Tehalka revelations about corruption along with the increasing menace of terrorism. He had specified the reasons of fighting a war along with the causes of outbreak of a war. He also suggested measures for its control. Moreover, the disaster relief operation made during Gujrat Earthquake reveals certain limitations of Disaster Management Authorities, though the armed forces have handled it quite well as per the resources. He also elaborates the reasons of wars as for territory, economic gains, punishing enemy and in defense. May be any other reason might be added for fighting a war in future. But the future wars will be more devastating due to the presence of nuclear arsenal. He also suggested the measures for preventing wars in future by powerful role of UNO, strong UN General As sembly to check UN Security council’s veto, UN’s role in regulating weapons, UN Enforcement Wing, strong non-proliferation measures, check on terrorist groups, WTO and Globalization phenomena should be made friendly for third world countries and UN to be a potential Disaster Management Authority. He comments that future wars will be of short duration and more hazardous. Besides that, he also discussed the features of successful war as well as reasons for abortive war. He threw light on the Intelligence agencies and mentioned its two goals viz. acquisition of knowledge and counter intelligence. He also discussed the intelligence agencies structure of India and Pakistan. He discussed terrorism and mentioned the terrorist ways to make a squad of fanatics and mentioned the causes for terrorism that are source of spreading terrorism and mentioned the current position of India regarding that. He had also discussed the structure of army’s control under political govern ment since its inception and mentioned the possibility of army intervention with all its pros and cons along with the strength and weakness of army in this regard. He also made a brief view of an Indian soldiers’ life along with difficulties faced by him. He also shared his views on the foreign policy and national security issues facing India. Furthermore, he discussed Pakistan army officers, soldiers and Indian army soldiers and made a comparison between soldiers of both the countries. He gives special attention to media and discussed the dealings between military and media in India along with setting guidelines for both. Finally, he turned his attention towards the peace conditions in South Asia and discussed it historically, politically and policy wise with special reference to Indo-Pak relations and Indian position. So this was the thesis of the author.

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Proposal - Essay Example Improve effectiveness of workgroups, encourage people to give support to and improve nation-wide pollution prevention campaigns as well as support and promote environmental pollution prevention actions of educational pollution prevention enterprises and regional forums Educate people on how to avoid environmental pollution. The paper will also utilize participants, through advisory council and workgroups to find and influence national policy issues, encourage people to cooperate with outside associates to affect community policy and ensure providers of pollution prevention have unlimited access to new program developments and technologies. Moreover, the paper aims at facilitating and supporting training opportunities of environmental pollution prevention and supporting the distribution and development of scholastic contamination prevention information besides ensuring that communities work together to create mechanisms for finding and addressing matters of joint concern. Engage them in the research: When I engage people in any research, they will be able to learn more and get an in-depth understanding of what is being talked about (Best, 28-31) for example asking them to visit areas of research is important in that they will be able to know how these substances are produced, how wastes are eliminated and how they result to environmental pollution. Public lectures: I will conduct public lectures on causes and effects of environmental pollution to people. Knowing its causes and effort, people will be able to take various initiatives of control and avoidance. Distributing leaflets: These leaflets will be able to communicate to a wide scope of the population on various issues concerning the environment and also educate them on control and prevention measures of environmental pollution. Soil contamination- caused by chemicals that are released by underground leakages or spill, most common are heavy metals e.g. cadmium and chromium,

Using the IRAC rule law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Using the IRAC rule law - Essay Example Using the IRAC rule law People always assume that riots and vandalism are not liable for compensation by insurance and the police are also not liable. However, According to commercial property coverage guide a riot is â€Å"any disturbances of the public’s peace by more than three people helping each other execute destruction of property and people by use of force and aggression in an unlawful manner†. According to this rule of law it seems the peoples assumptions are wrong yet the law states otherwise. The confusion here is that for the state to be liable for compensating Eric it must be first be investigated to find out the cause and intention. This is because for the state to compensate Eric, the law states that â€Å"the loss of his pharmacy must be accidental as intentional damages and loss and criminals acts are not liable for compensation†. According to Erick’s case, the people who looted, vandalized and burnt his pharmacy do not know him personally to be doing the damage intentionally nor are they doing it to cause damage for him. Secondly, the looting and vandalism was not done by Erick himself but a rowdy group thus the insurance is liable for compensation. The state is liable for compensation in Erick’s case since the police stood by and did not prevent the rioters from vandalizing and burning his pharmacy. Therefore, Erick must be compensated for losses incurred in his shop. Eric’s pharmacy company VCS was to be delivered pharmaceuticals by Tanya who owns a pharmaceutical delivery business.

How Does Real Estate Affect the US Economy Assignment

How Does Real Estate Affect the US Economy - Assignment Example It might be interesting to note that many sources define real estate as "land and everything made permanently a part thereof, and the nature and extent of one's interest therein" (Real Estate 2007). It is important to remember that the land may not be worth very much in and of itself. It is valuable because of the interest it holds for the owner. Perhaps the land is valuable because of its position in relation to something else. Or it could be valuable because of what lies underneath the soil such as oil, minerals, or even archeological treasures. Or perhaps valuable things reside on its surfaces such as timber, animals, or historical sites. Or it could simply be that the most valuable asset of land is what it can be used for. It then becomes clear that the true purpose of real estate is to create a situation in which the land is developed so it is being used to appropriately further the interest of its owner. According to a brief review of real estate in Wikipedia (Real Estate 2008) real estate covers every step in the process of acquiring or disposing of land. When an individual wishes to find a particular property she may consult a real estate brokerage in hopes of either buying property or investing in the property.   Some individuals wish to retain ownership of their property for a variety of reasons but may allow others to use it. They may rent out the buildings or give permission for the land to be farmed or for a profit-generating structure to be built on it. In cases where the primary purpose of a property is to make a profit those involved move into the area of commercial real estate. Commercial real estate can involve the building of a hospital, parking garage, shopping mall, and in some cases (especially for tax and loan purposes) residential structures which will house a specific number of people (Real Estate 2008). Keeping in mind that real estate includes the buildings as well as the land such individuals may require assistance in keeping up with all the things required of the myriad options and transactions required in dealing with property. Real estate has taken this into account and created yet another subfield called property management that devotes its time and resources to exactly this sort of arrangement. Property management tends to be a highly sought real estate service especially among those individuals who own several properties that are rented out and for commercial properties (Real Estate 2008).

Describe the differences (and any similarities) involved in the Assignment

Describe the differences (and any similarities) involved in the following contracts - Assignment Example In this case the contract can be said to be implied because no prior arrangements were made to make agreements but it is implied that the owner of the vehicle will pay for the parking service provided. Boilerplate or bank card holders’ agreements are standard form contracts by virtual of bearing the characteristics of standard form contracts. For this reason, boiler plates are standard form contracts because like many other standard form contracts such as insurance contracts the cellular provider has total authority over the contract with the subscribers that they can either take it or leave it and often contain fine detail details that form part of the contract terms (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). Similarly, the bank has total control in its contract with the credit card account holders. They can either choose to agree to the terms and conditions or forfeit owning the cards altogether (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). This is an implied or verbal contract. As demonstrated in the contract, the benefit of having the order taken by the waiter is enjoyed but it cannot be considered as a gift because it will have to be paid for implying a consideration has been given. Therefore, given a contract is formed and there is no written evidence or terms for service, the contract is implied or verbal because the order is orally made (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). A formal contract is a written agreement, which follows the prescribed format and incorporates standardized conditions and provisions in its body, therefore making it legally enforceable. This kind of contract could mainly be a contract under seal where the seal is a symbol of total acceptance of its legal effect and consequences by the parties involved (Gale, 2007). The contract can also be regarded as a period contract since it is valid for a given duration of time as agreed by the involved parties (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). Contracts B and D are contracts which must be in writing and are

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Essay - 1

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions - Essay Example Sometimes, a person is not even aware that a decision has been made as he goes through his day. However, when it comes to moral decisions that entail more intensive consideration of all factors involved, a person may be stunned enough to scratch, or even dig beyond the shallow surface and summon reason and emotion to help him come up with the right decision. History has produced deep thinking men who debated on the competing roles of reason and emotion in moral judgment. A man named Kohlberg (1984) even came up with a theory of moral development based on a hypothetical moral situation calling on children’s decision-making skills, and his theories attracted much attention from moral philosophers. His proposed dilemma was about a husband named Heinz who needed to decide whether to steal an overpriced drug to save his dying wife. It was theorized that young children conceptualize morality in terms of obedience to adults’ rules and regulations. They know that it makes them good children. This is so because they think in concrete, physical, egocentric ways and their social worlds are dominated by adults. On the other hand, older children think of morality in terms of cooperation with peers because they are cognitively able to comprehend the views of others and already understand concepts such as reciprocity and cooperation beca use their social worlds consist mainly of interactions with peers. Kohlberg based his work on this theory of cognitive development and emphasized reasoning as the key to moral development. He did not pursue any direction towards the role of emotion in the moral decision-making process. Basing on a vast amount of evidence gathered from structured interviews, Kohlberg’s rationalist model views moral judgments as primarily caused by complex reasoning. In considering dilemmas, defined as â€Å"scenarios constructed to highlight a

How Does Real Estate Affect the US Economy Assignment

How Does Real Estate Affect the US Economy - Assignment Example It might be interesting to note that many sources define real estate as "land and everything made permanently a part thereof, and the nature and extent of one's interest therein" (Real Estate 2007). It is important to remember that the land may not be worth very much in and of itself. It is valuable because of the interest it holds for the owner. Perhaps the land is valuable because of its position in relation to something else. Or it could be valuable because of what lies underneath the soil such as oil, minerals, or even archeological treasures. Or perhaps valuable things reside on its surfaces such as timber, animals, or historical sites. Or it could simply be that the most valuable asset of land is what it can be used for. It then becomes clear that the true purpose of real estate is to create a situation in which the land is developed so it is being used to appropriately further the interest of its owner. According to a brief review of real estate in Wikipedia (Real Estate 2008) real estate covers every step in the process of acquiring or disposing of land. When an individual wishes to find a particular property she may consult a real estate brokerage in hopes of either buying property or investing in the property.   Some individuals wish to retain ownership of their property for a variety of reasons but may allow others to use it. They may rent out the buildings or give permission for the land to be farmed or for a profit-generating structure to be built on it. In cases where the primary purpose of a property is to make a profit those involved move into the area of commercial real estate. Commercial real estate can involve the building of a hospital, parking garage, shopping mall, and in some cases (especially for tax and loan purposes) residential structures which will house a specific number of people (Real Estate 2008). Keeping in mind that real estate includes the buildings as well as the land such individuals may require assistance in keeping up with all the things required of the myriad options and transactions required in dealing with property. Real estate has taken this into account and created yet another subfield called property management that devotes its time and resources to exactly this sort of arrangement. Property management tends to be a highly sought real estate service especially among those individuals who own several properties that are rented out and for commercial properties (Real Estate 2008).

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Essay - 1

Are reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions - Essay Example Sometimes, a person is not even aware that a decision has been made as he goes through his day. However, when it comes to moral decisions that entail more intensive consideration of all factors involved, a person may be stunned enough to scratch, or even dig beyond the shallow surface and summon reason and emotion to help him come up with the right decision. History has produced deep thinking men who debated on the competing roles of reason and emotion in moral judgment. A man named Kohlberg (1984) even came up with a theory of moral development based on a hypothetical moral situation calling on children’s decision-making skills, and his theories attracted much attention from moral philosophers. His proposed dilemma was about a husband named Heinz who needed to decide whether to steal an overpriced drug to save his dying wife. It was theorized that young children conceptualize morality in terms of obedience to adults’ rules and regulations. They know that it makes them good children. This is so because they think in concrete, physical, egocentric ways and their social worlds are dominated by adults. On the other hand, older children think of morality in terms of cooperation with peers because they are cognitively able to comprehend the views of others and already understand concepts such as reciprocity and cooperation beca use their social worlds consist mainly of interactions with peers. Kohlberg based his work on this theory of cognitive development and emphasized reasoning as the key to moral development. He did not pursue any direction towards the role of emotion in the moral decision-making process. Basing on a vast amount of evidence gathered from structured interviews, Kohlberg’s rationalist model views moral judgments as primarily caused by complex reasoning. In considering dilemmas, defined as â€Å"scenarios constructed to highlight a

Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Essay University of Phoenix Material Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Create an outline and introductory paragraph in preparation for writing a complete Personal Plan due in Week Five. Use the following information to assist you with the content of your outline and introductory paragraph: †¢ Ethical Lens Inventory results †¢ Career Interests Profiler results †¢ Career Plan Building Activity: Competencies results †¢ Your SMART goals, including those identified in the University of Phoenix Material: Goal Setting Use the following to assist you with the writing of your outline: †¢ Sample Outline in the CWE †¢ MyFoundationsLab: The Writing Process †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Prewriting Outline: Introduction: 1. Topic: What the results say versus what I thought about myself. a. Subtopic: Seeing my strengths and weakness b. Subtopic: Figuring in my SMART goals 2. Topic: How to build off of my competencies a. Subtopic: What areas need to be improved b. Subtopic: What jobs I may look for in the future Use the following to assist you with the writing of your introductory paragraph: †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Developing and Organizing a Paragraph †¢ MyFoundationsLab: The Topic Sentence †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Recognizing a Paragraph Introductory Paragraph: Since I have started college, I have set myself up for high standards. My wife and I have talked many times about the importance of me wanting to go to college so I have an understanding support system. Ever since I enrolled at University of Phoenix I have received many helpful resources. These resources first helped point me in the right direction not only for academics but also in my future with locating the right job for my personality. I could see what jobs matched my personality and compare them to the jobs I wanted to take before I joined the university and I saw that the results were close to the same. The university’s resources then helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses. Whereas I plan to continue to practice my strengths that I already knew I had, I can make my weaknesses that I never thought about into strengths as well. Finally, the resources allowed me to set up SMART goals in which to help further my education by breaking down what I need to study further into detail in order to succeed in my classes. Not only has the University of Phoenix helped set up goals while I am studying, but also it has helped me identify SMART goals, which will help me to enhance myself for the professional world.

Review The Formation Of Malaysia History Essay

Review The Formation Of Malaysia History Essay The formation of Malaysia is on 16 September 1963. Tunku Abdul Rahman proposed Malaysia and Singapore made, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei in the British colony formation. All four colonies initially agreed to join the Federation. à ¦Ã…“-à ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ » However, this suggestion was objected to, because they claim the Philippines claim Sabah. The proposal also received from Indonesia opposed to it as a conspiracy of neo-colonialism by the Sukarno and the powerful Indonesian Communist Party of view. In 1955, and later in 1959, Singapore had suggested that it be merged with Malaya. But this proposal was rejected Malaya. At that time, Singapores population including China and Malaysia worried that this may affect the racial composition, which is mostly Malay. There are also concerns, the Communist Party, their activities are still rampant in Singapore, Malaya and obstacles that may affect the struggle to eliminate the threat of communism. However, four years later, the Malaysia independence, Tunku Abdul Rahman, the Malayan Prime Minister, state that he said in his speech proposed merger of Malaya, Singapore and the Borneo territories of Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei took the region by surprise on 27th May 1961. Because the state of politics and economy in Singapore and the other territories so his suddenly change his mind. The proposal also to accelerate in Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei, the immediate effect of political development. Election for the first time to be held in Brunei and Sabah in 1962. However, continued Philippine and Indonesian opposition led to the sending of a United Nations mission to Borneo in 1963, which also reported that the public opinion was in favoured of joining Malaysia. Brunei then pulled out due to an armed revolt staged to oppose its entry to Malaysia. Singapore was part of the newly formed Malaysia in 1963 but withdrew in 1965. ANSWER What are the factors that affect the formation of Malaysia? Factors that led to the proposed merger because of Tunku Abdul Rahman is combined with the desire for economic purposes, Singapore is one of them. Singapores large industrial enterprises and large population, added as an important trading port in the region for more than one position. Tunku Abdul Rahman is also trying to get rid of the colonial these colonies. Malaya independence has reached four years ago. Although Singapore has implemented a large extent, an autonomous policy, Sabah and Sarawak, Britain is still very much under control. In Brunei, Sudan to maintain his autocratic power, but the residents were forced to receive advice from the UK. Tunku Abdul Rahman believes that a merger with Malaya will speed up these colonies independence from Britain. Another factor is the bastion of communism more than Singapore. Over time, their activities did not stop. And then by Singapores Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, who, with disputes about the strike in the mid 50s frustration, led to the decision of his Government to draw some of the Communists, hoping to find favor with them, and eventually soften their blow. However, continue to adhere to the activities of the Communist Party and eventually formed his own political party, known as the Socialist Front, they were forced to resign from the government. Fear of Malaya will be in grave danger should support the CPC decided to cross-strait their allies in Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman believes that the merger with Singapore will make it easier to deal with the Communists. In addition to Singapore, Sarawak, communism is also booming, where the Communist Party formed an underground association, to play its associations of workers and peasants of the students. In addition, there are between these areas of cultural similarity. United Overseas composition of the population, and there is a Malayan Malays, Chinese and Indians mixed array. By some members of UMNO Malays outnumbered by the initial fear of being dispersed, they were convinced that the ethnic balance will be a Borneo territories, including most of the Malays and indigenous groups, and the Malay Asia combined recovery. The factors that affect the formation of Malaysia are also avoids the threats and communist influence by other territories. More and more, the independence of Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Singapore also need to cover up. The defense of indigenous communities and the safeguard the interest of indigenous rights in Sabah and Sarawak are very important for Tunku Abdul Rahman to take care and concern about it. Who is giving the issues the formation of Malaysia? That is Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Singapore. Their response are very important when formation of Malaysia. And also the process of formation of Malaysia is important too. The process is Malaysia solidarity committee, Cobbold Commission, inter-governmental committee, and Singapore referendum. Sabah is giving the issue about the party pro-anti Malaysia, Sarawak is giving the issue about there are no economic different, Brunei is giving the issue about believe that they can independence by their own, no need depend with others, while Singapore is giving the issue about the party people of Singapore. The chairman of Malaysia solidarity consultative committee is Tun Haji Mohammad Fuad Stephens, previously known as, Donald Stephens. He played a key role in negotiating the independence of Sabah. He collects the data from the citizen to form the formation of Malaysia. Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee (MSCC) to inform the people of the benefits of the merger. The chairman of Cobbold Commission is Lord Cobbold. He is going to Sabah and Sarawak to collect the data from the citizen when formation of Malaysia. He will discuss the merger of Sabah and Sarawaks response. Two months later, received thousands of letters to and Sabah and Sarawak and the numerous public meetings of the thousands of interviews, come to a consensus. Only one-third of third of the population rejected the merger, want to join Malaya before achieved their independence. Wholeheartedly support the merger or other two-thirds or support, on the grounds that its rights be retained. Won the majority in favor of the merger, which is approved by the British. The chairman of Inter-governmental committee is Lord Landsdowne and Tun Abdul Rayak. The function of inter-governmental committee is forming a Federation of Malaya. It is concentrated on Islam, Malay, education and integration. In Malaya, Singapore remains, so the initial interest, eager to merge with Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahmans proposal in 1961. His efforts paid off, September 1, 1962 referendum showed that 71.1% of the population, Singapore supported the merger. Singapore is committed to autonomy, education, income and labor, while the central government will operate in Kuala Lumpur. Its free entrepot status will also be maintained. Such as Singapore, Brunei, also keen to merge because of its ruler, Sultan Ali Saifuddin was hoping to get greater protection from the likes of Malaya. AM Azahari, the opposition party, the party National Front leader, but strongly against the merger, and which resulted in one of the Brunei government, he was defeated in the resistance. Azahari an ulterior motive merge all the territories and the North Borneo Brunei placed in their reins. When the establishment of Malaysia, Indonesia and the new establishment rejected due to their own ulterior motives, Philippines. Sabah claimed by the Philippines, pointed out that the Sultanate of Sulu under the Sabah belongs to the Philippines came. Therefore, the Philippines is not recognized as an independent state official statements or the occurrence of on16th September 1963 Malaysia.à ¦Ã…“-à ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ » CONCLUSION However, North Borneo and Singapore declared August 31, 1963 sovereignty. Indonesias opposition, and later upgraded to a military conflict with Malaysia. Indonesia, Sarawak and Sabah as the colonial province of new forms of Borneo Island in Malaysia (bordering Kalimantan, Indonesia), they laid claim. In order to ensure that Indonesia, Malaysia is not neo-colonialism, a referendum by the United Nations and Lord Cobbold Commission Cobbold leadership, organization, form, developed to determine whether the people of Sabah and Sarawak wished to join Malaysia. The end result, which indicates strong support for Malaysias Sabah and Sarawak between people, Malaysia has paved the way, and declared the road. OF: Federation of Malaysia subsequently announced the formation of 16 September 1963, Malaysia. Independence Day celebration is still held on August 31, the original Malaya Independence Day. Malaysia has enjoyed 53 years of independence, is known as a sovereign state of the world. We can achieve the economic, political and social stability, to the developed countries rapidly. Although Malaysia is a pluralistic society, different ethnic composition, they can live, mutual cooperation, both in harmony to build a strong and developed country presence. Understanding between races, but also created national unity, played in shaping the political stability of Malaysia as a very important role in the country. QUESTION 2 2.1 INTRODUCTION New Economic Policy (NEP) is a socio-economic program in the Malaysia which was introduced in 1971 by Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak, Dato Hussein. Implementation of divide and rule policy will turn the British in the Malay community cohesion. The British were encouraging the arrival of labor from China and India in the interest of the colonial economy of tin mining, trading and farming. Separation of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 due to the concept of Malaysia to the Philippines which was not directly dispute the status and privileges of the Malays has diapi-naming of Lee Kuan Yew fueled anti-Chinese and anti-Malay. Bloody events that occurred on May 13, 1969 have revealed the true manifestation of the feelings of the three largest ethnic groups in Malaysia. Bloody events also forcing the government to declare a state of emergency. This declaration has led to a parliamentary system of government is suspended. Since the Japanese occupation during the Second World War, Japan adopted a policy of anti-Chinese and pro-Malay bias has angered the Chinese and the Malays. National Consultative Council was established to ensure the effectiveness of the NOC, the National Consultative Council which is responsible for discussing and reviewing issues of national unity and resolve to find a way multi-ethnic society. Unity to be achieved not only involve the consolidation race but was found to be economic and social unification should be done. In connection with the National Consultative Council have agreed to form a national ideology that became known as the Pillars of the five key principles: Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan Kesetiaan kepada Raja dan Negara Keluhuran Perlembagaan Kedaulatan Undang-Undang Kesopanan dan Kesusilaan New Economic Policy was established through the Majlis Perundingan Negara as a catalyst to eradicate poverty and restructure society. Majlis Perundingan Negara also recommended the government to create the Jabatan Perpaduan Negara to implement the activities of the Muhibah in the form of Muhibah and Pejabat Muhibah at the federal, state, region and area has been established under the provisions of the Essential Regulations (Pejabat Muhibah) 1969 which was gazetted on July 18, 1969. 2.1.1 ANSWER The objective of NEP was national unity but it also aims to restructure the socio-economic imbalance that exists in this country. As we know that a balanced distribution of economic importance in creating a united nation, as well as taking into account the poverty and the inability of some people to compete with other people then the NEP was designed to improve the situation. The primary objective of this introduction is to create national unity by reducing the economic, social, cultural, placement and so forth. n other words, DEBs designed to eliminate race in the country with all the general poverty among the Malays and other Bumiputras, this is precisely the most particular and the earliest settlers of the country. DEB will ensure that all ethnic Malays and Indians in particular, will be the same for Chinas prosperity. In these times, until today, our leaders believe that when all the games are the same country will enjoy stability and prosperity, peace and harmony. With the equitable sharing of the prosperity of all, the three main competition will be happy and satisfied in Malaysia, which will greatly help in the maintenance of peace and harmonious country. With the new economic policy, the Government must ensure that the May 13, 1969 racial riots will not happen again in the future.With equal share of prosperity all, the three major races in Malaysia will be happy and contented; this will contribute greatly in maintaining peace, and harmony in the country. With the New Economic Policy, the government wants to ensure that the incidents of racial riots of 13 May 1969 will never happen again in the future. 2.2 INTRODUCTION The tension between those who are wealthy and not wealthy is a result of poverty. It was found that the Malays are facing more poverty than other races. Found also the Malays are still lagging behind and less able to compete with other races even though Malaysia had good economic growth. The NEP was designed as a long-term program that will run for 20 years, starting from 1970 to 1990. Development plans under the New Economic Policy is carried out through a two-pronged strategy: restructuring of society to reduce and eventually eliminate the identification of race with economic function. eradication of poverty irrespective of race 2.2.1 ANSWER Goals of poverty eradication is achieved, the strategy focused on eliminating poverty in rural and urban areas. Based on 1970 population census shows that about 49.3% of all poor families in the Philippines income below the poverty line (income poverty line 1970 population is RM200.00) and about 86% of that number are in rural areas. To achieve this objective, the government has implemented a variety of services and facilities through the provision of education, health, water and electricity. In addition, preference is given to the poor to get help, such as fertilizer subsidy assistance program, educational scholarships and textbooks, supplementary food to children and low-cost housing program. Create employment opportunities for all groups of people who are unemployed. To provide opportunities for transfer of persons working in low productivity sectors to more lucrative sectors. Increase the productivity and income. Reducing the income gap between races between urban and rural areas and between regions and also modernize rural life. Need to establish indigenous groups and commercial companies. Organize a working environment that reflects the racial composition in Malaysia.à ¦Ã…“-à ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ » Toward the end date of the NEP, the objectives to eradicate poverty have been achieved. To ensure that both goals were achieved in the NEP, the government has tried to improve the economic situation and at the same time, eliminating the identification of race with economic function. Based on the imbalance between the races, the government has launched several programs such as industry and trade, agriculture, mining, construction, transport and agriculture. To achieve the second goal of the NEP, various strategies have been designed, including: Reducing the imbalance in the structure of employment to the participation of various races in the primary sector will reflect the position of the labor force by 1990 the racial composition. Adding to the fast part of the people of Pakistan in possession of the productive sector. Special attention will be focused on indigenous people are a bit behind compared to other races. Raising productivity and living standards of poor people in rural areas. To ensure the establishment of a commercial and industrial community among the Malays and natives as they manage and own at least 30% of all levels of economic activity such as MARA, Bank Pembangunan, Bank Bumiputera, Amanah Saham Nasional. Advancing the state and region that are considered backward by the new regional development such as DARA, KESEDAR, KEJORA and so on. 2.2.2 CONCLUSION As a conclusion, New Economic Policy, aimed at national unity through poverty eradication and restructuring of society in the context of a strong national security. All national development programs and policies introduced by the government during planned and implemented to achieve the above objectives. This will require not only the determined efforts of the government and its employees, but it requires a change of attitude, energy and mindset of people from the private sector. Although the NEP was hailed in some quarters as having reduced the socioeconomic disparity between the Chinese minority and Malay majority, others accused it of having reduced non-Malays to the status of second-class citizens by cementing ketuanan Melayu (Malay supremacy). The NEP is often invoked as part of the Malay Agenda, which is in turn part of the Malaysian social contract granting Malays special rights in return for citizenship for non-Malays.