Financial Analysis of banking sector of India

Financial Analysis of banking sector of India Financial Analysis of banking sector of India: Special Reference to Private Sector Banks Financial statements are those statements which provide information about profitability and financial position of a business. It includes two statements, i.e., profit loss a/c or income statement and balance sheet or position statement. The income statement presents the summary of the income earned and the expenses incurred during a financial year. Position statement presents the financial position of the business at the end of the year. This paper is try to present all the components of balance sheet and profit and loss account in common size and analyze the individual item in Balance Sheet Profit Loss A/c as compare to total liabilities/Assets/Income/Expenditure. Objectives To compare the financial position with the help of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account To compare the financial performance through a common-size financial statement. Introduction After preparation of the financial statements, one may be interested in knowing the position of an enterprise from different points of view. This can be done by analyzing the financial statement with the help of different tools of analysis such as Common size statement analysis, funds flow analysis, cash flow analysis, Common size/ comparative statement analysis, etc. Here I have done financial analysis by Common size financial statement analysis. Common size financial statement analysis, also called vertical analysis, is just one technique that financial managers use to analyze their financial statements. It is not another type of income statement. It is just a tool that is used to analyze the income statement and position statement. With the use of this method of common-size financial statements, the comparisons between the financial statements of different companies become easy. In this method, each of figures in the financial statements are reported in the form of percentage. Thi s percentage is the figure of one frequent base figure. This base figure determines the percentile of all the figures in the common-size financial statements. By using this method, it is easy to compare the financial statements of the same company from different periods or comparing the companies of different size. Due to this method, the bias between the company sizes is removed, and investor can effectively compare the financial statements. The selection of base figure depends on the financial statements head. In income statements, the revenue can be selected as the base figure and all the incomes and expenses can be measured against it. Moreover, in the balance sheet of the company, all the related items are divided by the total of their items. For example, if the investor wants to find out the percentage of the inventory in balance sheet, he or she will have to divide the figure of inventory with the total assets. Methodology For the purpose of this study individual item of balance sheet converted into common size i.e.in 100 for this purpose an individual item in balance sheet divided by total assets/total liabilities and converted into 100.This is also to profit and loss account i.e. individual item in profit and loss account divided by total income/total expenditure and converted into100.For this analysis three years Balance Sheet and Profit and loss account of top three private banks viz.ICICI bank,HDFC bank and Axis bank was analyzed. Balance Sheets as on 31st March 2011 Capital and Liabilities Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Capital 4,105,458 0.169 4,652,257 0.167 11521129 0.283 Reserves and Surplus 185,882,797 7.658 249140426 8.982 539,388,244 13.277 Deposits 1,892,378,010 77.967 2,085,864,054 75.206 2,256,021,077 55.535 Borrowings 262,678,824 10.822 143,940,610 5.189 1,095,542,771 26.968 Other Liabilities and Provisions 82,088,627 3.382 289,928,565 10.453 159,863,467 3.935 Total 2,427,133,716 100 2,773,525,912 100 4,062,336,688 100 Assets Cash and Balance with RBI 138,861,630 5.721 251,008,158 9.050 209,069,703 5.146 Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice 75,224,929 3.099 45,680,191 1.647 131,831,128 3.245 Investments 719,916,208 29.661 709,293,656 25.573 1,346,859,630 33.154 Advances 1,424,078,286 58.673 1,599,826,654 57.682 2,163,659,014 53.26 Fixed Assets 22,731,456 0.936 21,706,480 0.782 47,442,551 1.167 Other Assets 46,321,207 1.908 146,010,773 5.264 163,474,662 4.024 Total 2,427,133,716 100 2,773,525,912 100 4,062,336,688 100 Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Income Interest Earned 151,548,058 76.589 199,282,122 82.13 259,740,528 79.62 Other Income 46,321,338 23.410 43,351,527 17.87 66,478,925 20.38 Total 197,869,396 100 242,633,649 100 326,219,453 100 Expenditure Interest Expended 85,918,230 52.394 93,850,839 46.15 169,571,515 61.728 Operating Expenses 47,794,281 29.145 71,529,141 35.171 66,172,492 24.088 Provision and Contingencies 30,271,979 18.460 37,989,660 18.680 38,961,684 14.183 Total 163,984,490 100 203,369,640 100 274,705,691 100 Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2011 Balance Sheets as on 31st March 2012 Capital and Liabilities Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Capital 4,132,039 0.144 4,693,377 0.138 11551537 0.243 Reserves and Surplus 223,953,384 7.840 294,553378 8.716 592,500,885 12.509 Deposits 2,201,043,033 77.059 2,467,064,459 73.00 2,554,999,561 53.94 Borrowings 340,716,721 11.928 238,465,086 7.057 1,401,649,073 29.592 Other Liabilities and Provisions 86,432,757 3.026 374,318,690 11.077 175,769,846 3.710 Total 2,856,277,934 100 3,379,094,990 100 4,736,470,902 100 Assets Cash and Balance with RBI 107,029,214 3.747 149,910,945 4.436 204,612,935 4.319 Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice 32,309,943 1.131 59,466,318 1.759 157,680,199 3.329 Investments 931,920,859 32.627 974,829,094 28.848 1,595,600,430 33.687 Advances 1,697,595,386 59.433 1,954,200,292 57.83 2,537,276,579 53.568 Fixed Assets 22,593,250 0.791 23,471,940 0.694 46,146,870 0.974 Other Assets 64,829,282 2.269 217,216,401 6.428 195,153,889 4.120 Total 2,856,277,934 100 3,379,094,990 100 4,736,470,902 100 Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2012 Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Income Interest Earned 219,946,474 80.228 272,863,517 83.880 335,426,522 81.720 Other Income 54,202,163 19.771 52,436,949 16.12 75,027,598 18.279 Total 274,148,637 100 325,300,466 100 410,454,120 100 Expenditure Interest Expended 139,769,024 60.316 149,895,780 54.78 228,084,964 65.958 Operating Expenses 60,070,995 25.923 85,900,571 31.393 78,504,433 22.702 Provision and Contingencies 31,886,564 13.760 37,833,208 13.826 39,212,151 11.339 Total 231,726,583 100 273,629,559 100 345,801,548 100 Balance Sheets as on 31st March 2013 Capital and Liabilities Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Capital 4,679,545 0.137 4,758,838 0.117 11581197 0.216 Reserves and Surplus 326,399,054 9.584 363881809 8.925 655,478,392 12.211 Deposits 2,526,135,881 74.176 2,960,917,699 72.621 2,926,136,257 54.511 Borrowings 439,510,984 12.906 394,966,127 9.687 1,453,414,944 27.076 Other Liabilities and Provisions 108,881,120 3.197 352,705,377 8.651 321,336,021 5.986 Total 3,405,606,584 100 4,077,229,850 100 5,367,946,811 100 Assets Cash and Balance with RBI 147,920,883 4.343 146,308,790 3.588 190,527,309 3.549 Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice 56,428,716 1.656 129,002,845 3.164 223,647,879 4.166 Investments 1,137,375,370 33.397 1,109,604,124 27.214 1,713,935,993 31.929 Advances 1,969,659,574 57.835 2,472,451,151 60.640 2,902,494,351 54.07 Fixed Assets 23,556,420 0.691 27,733,162 0.680 46,470,587 0.865 Other Assets 70,665,621 2.074 192,129,778 4.712 290,870,692 5.418 Total 3,405,606,584 100 4,077,229,850 100 5,367,946,811 100 Profit Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2013 Axis(Rs.000) HDFC(Rs.000) ICICI(Rs.000) Income Interest Earned 271,825,744 80.579 358,610,213 83.409 400,755,969 82.764 Other Income 65,511,063 19.420 71,329,645 16.590 83,457,012 17.235 Total 337,336,807 100 429,939,858 100 484,212,981 100 Expenditure Interest Expended 175,163,111 61.343 196,954,474 54.567 262,091,848 65.366 Operating Expenses 69,142,375 24.214 115,518,963 32.005 90,128,837 22.478 Provision and Contingencies 41,236,992 14.441 48,463,621 13.427 48,737,569 12.155 Total 285,542,478 100 360,937,058 100 400,958,254 100 Capital to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 0.16 0.16 0.28 2011-12 0.14 0.13 0.24 2012-13 0.13 0.11 0.21 Interpretation Capital Common size statement of ICICI Bank was more than Axis Bank HDFC Bank in these three years. It is also seen that in all these three years Capital Common size statement of these banks were decreased consistently. Reserve and surplus to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 7.68 8.98 13.27 2011-12 7.84 8.71 12.50 2012-13 9.58 8.92 12.21 Interpretation Common size statement of Accumulated Reserve and Surplus of ICICI Bank was more than Axis Bank HDFC Bank, but this Common size statement consistently decreases. This Common size statement of Axis bank consistently increases. Deposits to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 77.96 75.20 55.53 2011-12 77.05 73.00 53.94 2012-13 74.17 72.62 54.51 Interpretation Deposit Common size statement Axis bank was more than HDFC ICICI bank; however this Common size statement of Axis bank and HDFC bank consistently decreases. Borrowings to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 10.82 5.18 26.96 2011-12 11.92 7.05 29.59 2012-13 12.90 9.68 27.07 Interpretation As regards to borrowings, ICICI bank has more borrowings than Axis bank and HDFC bank, it is also depicts that borrowings of Axis bank and HDFC bank consistently increases. Other liabilities Provisions to Total Liabilities Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 3.38 10.45 3.93 2011-12 3.02 11.07 3.71 2012-13 3.19 8.65 5.98 Interpretation Other liabilities and provisions of HDFC bank was more than Axis bank and ICICI bank and it is upto10% on an average, however the axis bank ICICI bank maintains this Common size statement upto 3% on an average. Cash Balances with RBI to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 5.72 9.05 5.14 2011-12 3.74 4.43 4.31 2012-13 4.34 3.58 3.54 Interpretation Cash balance of HDFC bank in year 2010-11 was in highest Common size statement. Cash balance of HDFC bank and ICICI bank continuously decreases. Balance with Banks and Money at call and Short Notice to Total Assets Year Name of Bank Axis HDFC ICICI 2010-11 3.09 1.64 3.24 2011-12 1.13 1.79 3.32 2012-13 1.65 <

3d Animation, Its Effect on Mass Communication Essay

Introduction 3d animation is a form of Computer graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images. 3d is a type of graphics in which its images look like they are real world images i. e. omputer games and animated movies are the common examples of 3d, 3d graphics are modeled or originated by a process known as 3d modeling, this process is done by a software having 3d modeling tools by engineers or artists, either they import real world images and then transform them into 3d animation or they originate their own ideas and compose them through the help of the tools, 3d animation[1] is the process of taking a 3D object and getting it to move in this process u create 3d objects and combine them to make an animation this includes importing motion capture data and applying it to a character or making the objects to follow the artist’s/engineer’s own curves. Texturing is a phase in which the ready 3d animation is textured or colored to make it look like more effective in its role because colors and textures play an important role in making the animation look more realistic and effective to the viewer. Rendering is the last phase in which the animation is finally exported to a format or copy that can be viewed easily by the viewers, it is an important part of 3d animation process, as more efficient and good rendering will result in good looking and effective 3d animation. A good 3d animation is based upon Visual Communication, Good Design, and Aesthetics, if these 3 features are kept in mind while creating 3d’s they can have good results as expected. 3d animation has totally changed today’s market, people are giving more attention to 3d because of its realistic look, 3d movies are commonly being viewed in cinema houses, 3d games are much popular in today’s era. Uses in Mass Communication 3d animation is widely being used in today’s era like computer games that are made in 3d are more popular than the older ones, Movies in 3d are greatly being viewed in cinema houses and especially 3d animated cartoon movies are grabbing the attention of people greatly, field of mass communication is having a very good effect of 3d animation i. e. Advertisement is a major part of mass communication in which products are advertised in different ways so the buyer and seller meet their needs, Now a day’s all advertisements are majorly being produced in 3d because of the cost effectiveness and unique look of 3d animation, viewers are more attracted towards 3d advertisements as compared to the adds that are shot and produced in 2d, Digital 3d Advertising a new media to focus the viewers sight on when composing a shot, they count on a powerful instrument the closeness of the objects. Before, the creators needed to direct the viewer’s sight using the 2d composition. Now, we can use deepness to accentuate the element we want to emphasize. Higher tendency of the viewer to receive the messages this media requires the usage of glasses. When a viewer puts such elements on, there is a higher tendency of the viewer to receive the messages. The viewer is receptive to see the spot, just because of the immersion format of its exhibition. Greater detail in the volume and shape of the objects How many times we have heard it is not the same to see, for example, a car on television and personally, this revolution has made 3d much popular among people, new television’s supporting 3d view are being launched in market in a great number by leading companies like Sony, JVC and Samsung etc. Mass media organizations are using 3d widely in their programs and advertisements, there are properly established studio’s in which 3d modeling/designing is being done for these purposes, Artificial Rides are also common i. e. n which viewers experience real life scenes of a roller coaster ride in an artificial 3d environment that looks so realistic,3d Movies are much popular in today’s era and are widely being watched all over the world that has increase the number of 3d cinema houses. 3d technology is widely being used in Movies and short films to achieve the results which were not possible in old times, before this technology film makers used to have stunt Mans and proper training and a high budget to perform action and horror scene’s for the movies that consumed more time, more money and sometimes dangerous stunt’s took life’s of many stunt men, but now it is easy to have these scenes designed and animated in 3d environment which gives more enjoyable look to the viewer’s because now acial structure’s and real life scene’s can easily be regenerated in 3d environment more efficiently because of new 3d technology human, animal or any facial expressions can easily be recreated and animated according to the needs After generation of 3d face model next important stage is the proper recreation of human expressions. One of the ways of achieving realism is modeling of facial expressions and animation on synthesized human face. However, this task was complicated to achieve in a way that everyone has his own style of expressing so one model can’t fulfill the requirements but the new way proposed by Narendra Patel & Mukesh Zaveri in reference paper [1],study of this research show a new method of re creating the facial expressions of 3d models that is more effective and realistic in 3d world especially for its use in animation like movies etc Other than these usages 3d is now being used in medical fields also i. e. He therapy of mentally injured people[2],in this process patient is subjected to a 3d environment where a virtual therapist is used to treat the patient this reduces cost of the therapy system’s and rehabilitates the condition of the patients faster, Patients see a clone of them and a therapist in this environment, what he sees is known as virtual reality, in which he sees his wrist moving faster than the actual movement done by him by doing so, he will activate the coupling between the perceptive and motor circuits hence improving the recovery, Virtual reality helps in improving the condition of patient in such a way that it makes him realize that he is progressing slightly more than the normal condition so this results in faster rehabilitation, this is helping the medical specialists as they have a laboratory controlled 3d environment so they can change it according to the recovery needs of the patient. Virtual reality technology has been used for several decades for a varie ty of psychosocial applications. 0 The most widely used feature is to create realistic simulations for the patients according to the therapist’s need for example(HDM)[2] Head mounted display in which patient see’s what the therapist wants to make him see, other visions are blocked in this case. This helps in curing diseases like cognitive disorders, attention disorders etc. Another form of disease caused by a cerebral vascular accident CVA is also being cured by the use of 3d animation technology, in this disease brain functionality is lost temporarily or permanently depending upon which areas of the brain have been affected some of them get paralyzed. This kind of stroke can affect their ability of reading writing even swallowing, These type of problems are common in western countries, by the use of 3d technology it has been discovered that patients are recovering more fastly as compared to older treatments 5-10% of them recovered a fully functional upper limb however 80% of them recover their complete ability to walk

Social And Social Responsibility A Business Made Up Of A...

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03.01 Isolationism, Intervention, and Imperialism Assignment

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